Solutions to these questions can be found here 1) How do helper T cells assist in raising a specific immune response to a pathogen? A) They mass produce specific antibodies. B)They stimulate the cloning of specific T cells. C) They are cloned and differentiate to become specific cytotoxic T cells. D) They produce cytokines that stimulate the cloning of specific phagocytes. 2) Antibodies are molecules released by A) memory B cells. B) memory T cells. C) specialised B cells. D) specialised T cells. The following stimulus relates to questions 3 & 4: Melanomas are characterised by uncontrolled cell division caused by mutations that continue to occur once the tumour has developed. Scientists have discovered that vaccines produced using antigens extracted from the patient’s own melanoma cells can be useful in treating melanoma. When injected, the vaccines stimulate an immune response. 3) What can be inferred from the scientists’ discovery? A) Cancer cells carry unique antigens. B) Self-antigens are not present on cancer cells. C) The melanoma patient has a dysfunctional immune system. D) The body cannot mount an immune response against cancer cells. 4) The effect of the melanoma vaccine is to stimulate A) T cells which produce antibodies. B) cytotoxic T cells which activate B cells. C) cell division to produce more lymphocytes. D) production of B cells which destroy melanoma cells. 5) What is the role of ONE type of T lymphocyte in the immune response? (2 marks) 6) Explain ONE benefit and ONE limitation of suppressing the immune system in organ transplant patients. (4 marks) 7) What is the role of lymphocytes in the body? A) They fight infection. B) They initiate blood clotting. C) They transport oxygen around the body. D) They transport carbon dioxide around the body. 8) How do vaccinations prevent disease? A) They increase the inflammation process. B) They enable the infected cells to seal off the pathogen. C) They increase the number of antibodies against the pathogen. D) They decrease the number of antigens that trigger the immune response. 9) Why do organ transplants trigger an immune response in a recipient? A) Antigens in the recipient’s body recognise the organ as foreign. B) Cell surface markers on the organ attack the recipient’s white blood cells. C) Antibodies in the recipient stimulate the production of antigens on the organ. D) The recipient’s white blood cells recognise the antigens on the organ as foreign. 10) The diagram illustrates an immune response. Below is a list of statements, each describing a step in the immune response. 1. Antibodies are produced to immobilise the pathogens. 2. B cell is activated by a helper T cell. 3. Helper T cells are activated by the white blood cell. 4. Memory B cell is ready to respond to further infections. What is the correct sequence of events? A) 2, 3, 1, 4 B) 2, 3, 4, 1 C) 3, 2, 1, 4 D) 3, 4, 2, 1 11) Organ transplants may trigger an immune response which can lead to organ rejection. The diagram below represents a model of two heart cells, one from a transplant recipient and one from a donor. a)What does Y represent? (1 mark) b) Assess the effectiveness of the model in explaining the cause of organ rejection in a transplant recipient. (3 marks) c) Name and outline the role of TWO types of T lymphocytes in organ rejection. (4 marks) 12) What name is given to the process whereby a white blood cell engulfs a microorganism? A) Infection B) Inflammation C) Phagocytosis D) Vaccination 13) A student was asked to complete a table showing whether T cells and B cells have particular characteristics. Which row did the student complete correctly? 14) When B cells are activated they divide to form a large number of antibody-secreting cells. How is this best explained? A) Mitosis and gene expression produce cytotoxic cells. B) Mitosis and differentiation produce B cells that repair tissues. C) Mitosis and cell specialisation produce cells that maintain health. D) Mitosis and differentiation produce cells for growth and development. 15) Two people were exposed to pathogen P on the same day. The graph shows the blood antibody levels for that pathogen over the following 28 days for each person. Which of the following best explains these results? A) Person 1 had not been previously exposed to pathogen P but had a recent organ transplant. B) Person 1 had been previously exposed to pathogen P. C) Person 2 had already been vaccinated against pathogen P. D) Person 2 had recent contact with a person infected with a similar pathogen. 16) The diagram shows a process that is a part of the immune response. What is the name of the process? (1 mark)
17) Outline how inflammation contributes to the immune response. (2 marks) 18) Drinking water contaminated with dissolved lead (a heavy metal) can cause a serious disease. Classify this disease as either infectious or non-infectious. Justify your answer. (2 marks)
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |